Kasbadji Merzouk and Merzouk carried out wind power potential assessment for water pumping in the west of high plateau of the country (El Bayadh, Djelfa, and Tiaret) using wind machines of 100, 600, and 850 kW rated power. potential of Algeria. The study showed that the windy regions are in the southwest of Algeria, Sahara .
Despite the recent increase in renewable energy capacity and generation, ambitious targets, and investment plans, Algeria's energy mix has remained predominantly fossil based. In 2021, almost all the energy produced in the country was derived from natural gas and oil products. The same applied to the type of power consumed.
Thanks to vast desert areas and long sunshine hours, Algeria boasts considerable solar potential. That explains why the country predominantly aims to improve its solar photovoltaic infrastructure to drive the clean energy transition rather than focusing on hydro and wind power plants.
According to new government targets, by 2035, Algeria will generate an additional 15 to 20 gigawatts (e.g., nearly one-third of total power generation) from renewable sources by 2030. Solar energy will account for most of this growth. There are currently seven solar projects underway that will add 100 MW of installed capacity by the end of 2022.
Onshore wind remains the dominant segment, with hundreds of projects in development across northern and central Sweden. Offshore wind potential in the Baltic Sea and along the western coast is increasingly attracting international developers. By 2030, wind power is projected to supply more than half of Sweden's electricity demand.
Summary of literature review. In case of the Swedish energy system, there are uncertainties surrounding the future of nuclear power plants, the anticipated increase in wind and solar PV installations, electrification trends, and the role of hydrogen in the steel industry [34, 35].
This is mainly because the expansion of wind power is projected to be significantly higher than that of solar PV, and the growth of PV is mostly limited to the southern part of the country and grid-connected PV systems, due to the irradiance profile in Sweden . Fig. 4, Fig. 5 illustrate the modelling of HS and TES in EnergyPLAN.
Sweden has set some of the most ambitious energy targets in Europe. By 2040, the country aims to achieve 100% renewable electricity production, and by 2045, it plans to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.
As of recently, there is not much research done on how to configure energy storage capacity and control wind power and energy storage to help with frequency regulation. Energy storage, like wind turbines, has the potential to regulate system frequency via extra differential droop control.
The paper presents a control technique, supported by simulation findings, for energy storage systems to reduce wind power ramp occurrences and frequency deviation . The authors suggested a dual-mode operation for an energy-stored quasi-Z-source photovoltaic power system based on model predictive control .
Since wind conditions are not constant, wind energy can be stored by combining wind turbines with energy storage systems. These hybrid power plants allow for the efficient storage of excess wind power for later use.
2.1. Static Regulation Static regulation control is a unidirectional frequency compensation strategy. If the battery energy storage system detects a grid frequency of less than 59.88 Hz, it should respond to the frequency drop within a few seconds.
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