Site Energy Revolution: How Solar Energy
Let''s explore how solar energy is reshaping the way we power our communication networks and how it can make these stations
This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
GSMA predicted that the number of green BSs would increase to 389,800 by 2020 [ 8 ], which reflects the growing awareness of cellular network operators about the significant economic and ecological influence of their networks in the coming years. Figure 10. Worldwide deployment of green cellular BSs [ 107 ].
Figure 10 reveals that many cellular network operators in the world have still not shifted toward green cellular BS. Most of these operators are located in developing countries with limited electricity supply and unreliable electric grids. The financial issues in these countries must be investigated further. 4.5.
Hossam et al. [ 132] designed four hybrid RESs for GSM BSs in Cairo, Egypt and proposed the use of a PV/electrical grid in urban areas; PV, PV/DG, and PV/DG in remote areas; and DG on cloudy days. The energy costs of PV/electrical grid, PV/DG (on cloudy days), PV, and PV/DG reach as low as $ 0.1, $ 0.21, $ 0.29 and $ 0.31/kWh, respectively.
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